PALEVO 1631-0683 Elsevier S1631-0683(09)00004-9 10.1016/j.crpv.2009.01.003 Research article Systematic palaeontology (invertebrate palaeontology) Paléonotologie systématique/Systematic palaeontology (Paléontologie des invertébrés/Invertebrate palaeontology) A remarkable new genus of Procercopidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China Un remarquable nouveau genre de Procercopidae (Hemiptera : Cercopoidea) du Jurassique moyen de Chine Wang Bo savantwang@gmail.com Zhang Haichun State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39, East Beijing Road, 210008 Nanjing, China 8 4 S1631-0683(09)X0004-7 389 394 © 2009 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2009 Académie des sciences Full (PDF)

Jurocercopis grandis, a new genus and species belonging to Procercopidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea), is described, based on seven specimens from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. It differs distinctly from other genera as follows: body and wings obviously large; pronotum with posterior margin straight; tegmen with costal margin convex at about basal 0.4 wing length; hind basitarsomere with a row of apical small teeth.

Jurocercopis grandis, un nouveau genre et espèce appartenant aux Procercopidae (Hemiptera : Cercopoidea), est décrit, sur la base de sept spécimens du Jurassique moyen de Daohugou, Chine. Il se distingue des autres genres de la manière suivante : corps et ailes manifestement grands ; pronotum avec bord postérieur rectiligne ; aile antérieure à bord costal convexe, à environ 0,4 de la longueur basale de l’aile ; basitarsomère postérieur avec rangée de petites dents apicales.

 Procercopidae, Hemiptera, New species, Middle Jurassic, Daohugou, China Procercopidae, Hemiptero, Nouvelle espèce, Jurassique moyen, Daohugou, Chine presented Presented by Philippe Taquet Introduction

Procercopidae Handlirsch, 1906 is an extinct family of hemipterous insects from the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous in Euro-Asia and Australia [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12] and [17]. So far, about 15 species within 10 genera of Procercopidae have been reported from the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of China [4], [9], [11] and [17]. It is probable, however, that the high diversity of Chinese procercopids has been overestimated, and the fossil record needs exhaustive reinvestigation. A detailed review of Chinese Procercopidae will be published in another paper. The Middle Jurassic Daohugou Biota yielded abundant cicadomorphan insects, including Procercopidae, Palaeontinidae, Tettigarctidae and Hylicellidae. These insects, except for some palaeontinids, however, have not yet been given a detailed description [15]. Being a common group in the Daohugou Biota, the Procercopidae have a comparatively low diversity and are known to be attributed to Anthoscytina Hong, 1983, which was previously referred to the family Scytinopteridae Handlirsch, 1906, and later transferred to the Procercopidae by Shcherbakov [11]. Most fossil and extant Cercopoidea are tiny insects, their body is rarely longer than 13 mm [7] and [16]. Here, we describe a remarkable new genus of Procercopidae, which is much larger than other procercopids.

 Material and methods

There is no consensus on the interpretation of vein nomenclature in Cicadomorpha. We tentatively followed the traditional terminologies with slight modifications [1], [13] and [14]. Specimens were examined dry and under alcohol, using a Nikon SMZ1000 stereomicroscope and drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida. The photographs were prepared using a NIKON D100 digital camera, and the line drawings were readjusted on photographs using image-editing software (CorelDraw 13.0 and Adobe Photoshop CS). All specimens are deposited in the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGP), Chinese Academy of Sciences.

 Systematic palaeontology

Order Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758.

Suborder Cicadomorpha Evans, 1946.

Superfamily Cercopoidea Leach, 1815.

Family Procercopidae Handlirsch, 1906.

Genus Jurocercopis gen. n.

Type species. Jurocercopis grandis sp. n; here designated.

Type horizon and locality. Middle Jurassic; Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China.

Etymology. The generic name is from the geological period “Jurassic” and the generic name Cercopis. Gender: feminine.

Diagnostics. Tegmen large and slender, length about 20 mm, length/width ratio 2.8–3.0; costal margin convex at about basal 0.4 wing length (basal 0.3 wing length in Cretocercopis Ren, 1995); vein Sc + RA arising from vein Sc + R at about basal third of wing; vein RA with some branches; vein M with more than four branches; crossvein m absent (crossvein m present in Procercopina Martynov, 1937); vein CuA branching distinctly basal of vein M branching (CuA branching at the same level of M branching in Sinocercopis Hong, 1982); branch CuA1 a little longer than branch CuA2 (CuA1 about twice as long as CuA2 in Anthoscytina).

Antennae half the length of fore tibia. Rostrum moderate, extending to mid coxae. Pronotum hexagon, widest at middle; its posterior margin straight. Fore femur shorter than hind femur. Hind tibia slender, about 1.8 times as long as hind femora. Hind tibia with a short lateral spine at 3/5 its length. Hind tibia with two rows of apical denticles, and each row consisting of about six teeth. Both basitarsomere and mid tarsomere of hind tarsi with a row of small teeth apically. Ovipositor slender, curved upwards.

Discussion. The main source of wing characters is based on tegmina due to the lack of complete hindwings. This genus differs distinctly from other genera by the body and wings larger. Furthermore, it differs from Anthoscytina (tegmen length about 13–15 mm) by the following characters: pronotum with posterior margin straight; hind basitarsomere with a row of apical small teeth; tegmen with costal margin convex at about basal 0.4 wing length, and vein M with more than four branches; from Procercopina (tegmen length about 12 mm) in possessing the tegmen with costal margin convex at about basal 0.4 wing length and vein M with more than four branches; from Sinocercopis (tegmen length about 8 mm) in having the tegmen with vein CuA branching distinctly basal of vein M branching, and the hindwing with vein M 2-branched; and clearly from Cretocercopis (tegmen length 14–25 mm) in having the tegmen shape different.

Jurocercopis grandis sp. n. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

Diagnostics. As for genus, it is the only included species.

Description. Holotype NIGP149549. Body strongly deformed with tegmen and hindwing overlapped; tegmen complete with basal part destroyed; hindwing poorly preserved; trace of coloration preserved.

Tegmen elongate, length 20.5 mm, width 7.1 mm, length/width ratio 2.9. Costal margin convex at about basal 0.4 wing length. Posterior margin convex at distal third of the wing. Vein Sc obscure, arched and fused with vein R + M at basal 0.18 wing length. Stem R + M branching into veins Sc + R and M at the point of vein Sc fused with vein R + M. Vein Sc + R branching into veins Sc + RA and RP at basal 0.35 wing length. Branch Sc + RA sinuous, with six branches, and connected with vein RP by a transverse crossvein r at basal 0.87 wing length. Branch RP connected with branch M1+2 by a transverse crossvein r-m at basal 0.81 wing length, and bifurcating just distal of crossvein r. Vein M fused with vein CuA for a very short distance, and then branching into veins M1+2 and M3+4 at basal 0.76 wing length. Vein M1+2 bifurcating at basal 0.86 wing length. Vein M3+4 bifurcating at basal 0.80 wing length. Vein M3+4 connected with vein CuA1 by an oblique crossvein m-cua at basal 0.77 wing length. Vein CuA curved anteriorly at crossvein m-cua, branching into veins CuA1 and CuA2 at basal 0.66 wing length. Vein CuA1 curved anteriorly, and a little longer than vein CuA2. Vein CuP straight, ending at the beginning of the distal fourth of the wing, forming a long clavus. Vein Pcu slightly curved, ending at basal 0.6 wing base. Tegmen membrane with distinct granules.

Hindwing partly preserved. Vein R branching into veins RA and RP at about basal fourth of the wing. Vein M bifurcating into veins M1+2 and M3+4 at about middle of wing. Vein RP connected with branch M1+2 by a crossvein r-m slightly distal of bifurcation of vein M. Vein CuA branching into veins CuA1 and CuA2 basal of bifurcation of vein M. Branch CuA1 connected with vein M by a crossvein m-cua just distal of bifurcation of vein CuA.

Paratype NIGP149550. Almost complete adult in lateral aspect with wings preserved at top of the body. Body dark, length about 21 mm. Ocelli invisible. Eyes oblong, higher than wide. Antennae half the length of fore tibia; scape thick and short; pedicel thinner than scape; flagellum with probable five segments. Vertex shorter than pronotum. Postclypeus convex, with distinct transverse grooves (muscle attachments). Rostrum moderate, extending to mid coxae. Pronotum rugose, hexagon, widest at middle, posterior margin almost straight. Tegmen length 20.1 mm, width 6.8 mm, length/width ratio 3.0. Abdomen pointed posteriorly, eight segments visible. Fore femur shorter than hind femur. Fore tibia about twice as long as fore femur. Hind tibia slender, about 1.8 times as long as hind femur. Hind tibia with a short lateral spine at 3/5 its length.

Paratype NIGP149551. Adult in dorsal aspect with wings obscured. Body dark, length about 21 mm. Head narrower than pronotum. Pronotum rugose, hexagon, widest at middle, width about 6 mm; median length 3.2 mm, about twice of length of vertex in mid line; its posterior margin almost straight. Mesoscutellum triangular, median length 2.2 mm. Tegmen length 20.8 mm.

Paratype NIGP149552. Body strongly deformed with a hind leg visible. Tegmen and hindwing overlapped. Tegmen with apex missing and basal part destroyed, length about 22 mm, width 7.2 mm, length/width ratio 3.0. Venation in general as in holotype. Hind tibia with a short lateral spine at 3/5 its length. Two rows of apical denticles in hind tibia, and each row consisting of about six teeth. Both basitarsomere and mid tarsomere of hind tarsi with a row of smaller teeth apically (about 10 teeth); basitarsomere slightly longer than mid tarsomere; basitarsomere slightly shorter than apical tarsomere.

Specimen NIGP149553. Body and tegmina obscure. Tegmen length about 18.9 mm, width 6.7 mm, length/width ratio 2.8.

Specimen NIGP149554. Almost complete adult in lateral aspect with wings preserved at top of the body. Body dark, length about 20 mm. Abdomen pointed posteriorly. Tegmen length 19.4 mm, width 6.4 mm, length/width ratio 3.0.

Specimen NIGP149555. Body and tegmina obscured. Tegmen length about 22 mm, width 7.8 mm, length/width ratio 2.8.

Discussion. The length/width ratio of tegmen is slightly different among several specimens (e.g. 2.8 in specimen NIGP149553, while 3.0 in paratype NIGP149554). This character is highly variable in Daohugou impression fossils because of the deformation of sedimentary rocks [15]. Considering their almost identical tegmen venation and size, it is reasonable to assign these specimens to the same species.

Etymology. Specific epithet is from the Latin grandis for the large body.

Material. Holotype: NIGP149549a, b. Paratypes: NIGP149550, NIGP149551 and NIGP149552a, b. Other material: NIGP149553, NIGP149554 and NIGP149555a, b.

Age and occurrence. Middle Jurassic; Daohugou Village, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China.

 Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank two anonymous reviewers for critical comments on the manuscript. This research has been financially supported by the Major Basic Research Projects (2006CB806400) of MST of China, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40872015, 40523004, 40632010).

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Jurocercopis grandis sp. n., holotype. A. Photograph of counterpart, NIGP149549b. B. Photograph of part, NIGP149549a. C. Photograph of granules in NIGP149549. D. Illustrations of tegmen and hindwing based on NIGP149549. A, B and D to scale.

Fig. 1. Jurocercopis grandis sp. n., holotype. A. Photographie d’une empriente, NIGP149549b. B. Photographie d’une partie, NIGP149549a. C. Photographie de granules en NIGP149549. D. Dessins de l’aile antérieure et de l’aile postérieure d’après NIGP149549. A, B et D sont à l’échelle.

Jurocercopis grandis sp. n., paratype. A. Photograph of NIGP149550. B. Illustration based on NIGP149550. Both A and B to scale. C. Photograph of enlarged antennae. D. Illustration of enlarged antennae. Both C and D to scale.

Fig. 2. Jurocercopis grandis sp. n., paratype. A. Photographie de NIGP149550. B. Dessin d’après NIGP149550. A et B sont à l’échelle. C. Photographie des antennes agrandies. D. Dessin d’une antenne agrandie. C et D sont à l’échelle.

Jurocercopis grandis sp. n. A. Photograph of NIGP149552a. B. Photograph of enlarged hind leg in NIGP149552a. C. Photograph of NIGP149553. D. Photograph of NIGP149554. E. Photograph of NIGP149555. F. Photograph of NIGP149551. Scale bars represent 5 mm.

Fig. 3. Jurocercopis grandis sp. n. A. Photographie de NIGP149552a. B. Photographie de patte arrière agrandie en NIGP149552a. C. Photographie de NIGP149553. D. Photographie de NIGP149554. E. Photographie de NIGP149555. F. Photographie de NIGP149551. Les barres d’échelle représentent 5 mm.